Platos Republic Three Parts of the Soul free essay sample

Plato searches for justice within the individual and what makes a person just. By comparing his sense of what is just at a political level and what is just at a psychological level he proposes three virtues of the individual which will make that particular person just. The virtues are of wisdom, courage and moderation. A just man won’t differ at all from a just city in respect to the form of justice; rather hell be like the city (Republic 435b). Once Plato has found justice within the city he seeks to transfer it back into the human soul. Plato talks about the ability of a person to be indecisive about actions such as drinking when something in their soul forbids them to do so even if they desire it. This indecisiveness can be transformed into internal conflict between more than one part of the soul. One part of the soul is the rational part and the part that lusts, hungers, thirsts and gets excited is the appetitive part (439d). We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Republic Three Parts of the Soul or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Plato then identifies a third part of the soul, the spirited part, which is used to create emotions. Appetite is a really big part of our souls. It contains both necessary desires, which should be indulged (such as the desire to eat enough to stay alive) and unnecessary desires, which should be limited (such as the desire to eat your entire birthday cake). Though the appetite lusts after many things, Plato says it’s money-loving, since money is required for satisfying most of these desires. It is therefore obvious to Plato that the rational part of the soul should rule, as the rulers in the city do, because they both display the virtue of wisdom and can therefore exercise foresight on behalf of the entire soul. 441e) Similarly, just as the guardians assist the rulers in maintaining justice within the city, the spirited part of the soul will use emotions in order to maintain order and harmony within the soul which is justice. These two parts of the soul will be able to control its appetitive part, which may, through its insatiable desire for money, attempt to overthrow its particular role and rule over the body and even tually the classes that it is not naturally suited to rule over (442a). Consequently, justice in the individual and justice in the city would be overturned leading to chaos and war. The rulers and guardians exist in order to control and direct the producers who are the majority of the population, as the rational and spirited parts of the soul rule the desires of the individual. Therefore a just person would be one with a spirited part of the soul that would persevere through pleasures and pains in order to carry out the rational parts intentions on what should be feared and what should not (442b). This ability is identifiable as the virtue of courage, which is evident in the guardians. Moreover, this pattern of parallel virtues between the city and the soul continues as a persons reason is most able to make decisions about what is advantageous for each part and for the whole soul when he/she has the knowledge associated with wisdom. As a result the desires should be kept in a state of moderation by the rational part of the soul so that the ruler and the ruled both agree that the rational part should rule and not engage in civil war (442c). In conclusion, justice in the individual is similar to justice within the city where a person puts himself in order, is his own friend, and harmonizes the three parts of himself like three limiting notes in a musical scale (443d). In the city, justice is obtained by the three parts of society each fulfilling their role as best they can, and displaying the same three virtues of wisdom, courage and moderation. This leads to a harmony between the parts, the best possible combination, which is described as justice by Plato both within the city and within the soul. This should be obvious as; after all, a city is made up of many individuals. The harmonious or rightly ordered soul, then, is one which practices the virtues of each part. The virtue of the appetites is moderation; the virtue of the spirit is courage; the virtue of the intellect is wisdom. Through these virtues the human soul attains a certain concord or integrity, which Plato understood as the only real happiness worthy of the name. The overall purpose of the Republic is for Plato to understand what makes people happy. He discovers this through the process of dividing the soul up and seeing how they work together. Ultimately, if you live a just life you live a life of wisdom and your rational side comes first. If you live an unjust life you live your life by honor, victory, or money. Most men and women living unjust lives have a one-track mind. They forget their other priorities and doing what’s right just so they get what they want. Just people always beat and unjust person and live a happier and fuller life. His separation of the soul is very simplistic altogether. However, his individual ideas were very complex. Plato wanted us to to think for ourselves to discover how we decide to arrange our parts of the soul.

The Use of Force Essay Topics

The Use of Force Essay TopicsAfter your junior year of high school, you can choose between AP A and AP B, which both use the same two AP subject tests as a main ingredient for their essay topics. The real difference is that the student's performance on the AP exams are all-or-nothing - it's either you pass or fail. If you do poorly, it doesn't matter what the topic is; if you do well, it doesn't matter what the topic is either.With AP subject exams being all-or-nothing, the essay topics are almost always the one or two closest to what the students really want to write about. It's obvious who the best subjects are; these will be covered in the first two AP exams. If you want to rank really high on the AP exams, you must write essays using these topics.Yet if you're like most students, it's hard to come up with essay topics that you truly want to write about. So let's discuss a few topics that are not only easy to write but will also bring you towards success on the exams.The most impo rtant thing when choosing a topic is to choose a strong subject. There are a number of topics you can choose from, but the ones I like best are subjects that are already quite easy to write about.Public Speaking: One of the best essays for a public speaker is one that addresses an issue within the profession that is still quite popular. You can start by addressing issues that have been prevalent for a long time in the industry.Writing Thesis For Your College: Most colleges require students to write a thesis for their degree program. If you need to write a thesis for your college writing class, this is an excellent topic.Marketing Writing: There are a lot of new courses that revolve around marketing. If you're interested in marketing, it would be an excellent topic for your writing class.There are so many essay topics out there to choose from. If you want to succeed on the AP exams, the one you choose will be the one you'll focus on throughout your undergraduate career.

The Proposal Cover Letter †Your Chance to Brag a Bit - The Writers For Hire

THE PROPOSAL COVER LETTER – YOUR CHANCE TO BRAG A BIT The proposal is done. You’ve addressed all the requirements of the RFP, filled in the forms, and attached appendices. Now the only thing left to do is the cover letter. Yes, it’s best to leave it to last, allowing time to reflect back on your proposal and why you are responding to the RFP. Unlike for the RFP itself, there may be no instructions for what to include in the cover letter. This final task may seem a little intimidating – especially if it’s your first proposal. But you can consider this your opportunity to show your enthusiasm for your organization and the bid you hope to win. Here are a few tips for writing a cover letter that stands out. First, the heading and other mandatory stuff. Use company letterhead stationery.Include your phone number, email, and mailing address if they are not part of the letterhead.Include a reference line with the RFP title and number.Make sure you address the letter to the contact person identified in the RFP.Have the head of the organization sign the letter over their title.Keep it to one page. Now, on to the creative part. Think of the letter in three sections. The Introduction First, write a few sentences that express your appreciation for the opportunity to submit a proposal. Let the reader know you understand the RFP and have complied with the requirements. The Heart Use the second paragraph to brag about your organization. What’s your story? Are you the third generation of a family business or a start up with a few stellar projects under your belt? Are you an organization with an ongoing mission or one newly formed to address a critical need? What makes you stand out among your competitors? Looking Ahead Finish with a few forward looking sentences that communicate how much you are looking forward to working with the potential client. Include the name, phone number, and email of the contact person for the proposal, if it is not the person who is signing the letter. Now that you have a feel what to include, here’s a sample letter and an article from Bizfluent that covers some of these same suggestions as well as some additional pointers that may be more appropriate for your proposal. [BEGIN LETTER] Date Your Organization Address Email Phone Number Requestor Address RE: [Name and Number of RFP] [Addressee] [Your organization] is pleased to present our proposal for [Name of RFP]. Thank you for the opportunity to do business with [Requestor]. Our staff has the training and experience to [mention one, two, or three requirements]. [Who?] established [your organization] in [when?] to [your mission/goal/objective?]. Since then, we have grown to [specific activities]. We are proudest of our latest [product/achievement/recognition]. Our reputation as a [your distinction] sets us apart from our competition in [your field] . We are excited about the potential to work with [Requestor] on this and future projects. Our contact for this proposal is [name, title, email, phone number] . Sincerely, [Title of Head of Your Organization] [END LETTER] Good luck!

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function The imagecreatetruecolor() function is used in PHP to create a new true color image using the GD Library. True color uses a 24-bit color depth when displaying an RGB image. Its two parameters are the width and height of the image you are creating. Sample Code Using Imagecreatetruecolor() Function This code generates a PNG image that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The imagecreatetruecolor() function specifies a shape that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The text color is set using RGB values. The text that will print on the shape is A Simple Text String, in size 1 (of 1-5) with an x ordinate of 5 and a y-ordinate of 5. Return Values When successful, this function returns an image identifier that represents a black image of the specified size. If not successful, it returns False. Considerations The GD library must be enabled for this function to work properly; otherwise, the return value is False. It can be downloaded free from the internet if you dont already have it installed. Imagecreatetruecolor() vs. Imagecreate() Function Although the imagecreate() function still works in PHP, the PHP manual recommends the use of the newer imagecreatetruecolor() function, which creates images with many more colorsmakes color transparency possibleallows advanced image processes

Robots Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Robots - Research Paper Example ..............................................................................7 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................7 REFERENCES................................................................................................................9 The global technological advancement has hit higher notch with a shift to use of robot in several activities. It is important to discuss in lengths and depths the significance of robot technology in regard to the increasing need for efficiency in production and service delivery for a better living in the society. Scientists are making several attempts to develop a wide variety of robots that can reason nearly as a human being and undertake several activities. In this respect, it is important to note that further investigation is critical as far as ethical concerns are concerned in the robot technology. There is more investigation on how to improve robot to human interaction as this would result into break rough in their efficiency. A. Background - Robots are man made virtual artificial agents that are computer programmed and can be guided to carry out several activities normally done by man. More research and development efforts by countries and individuals have led to increased application of robots in the society. Ranging from the medical field, space exploration, military among others, scientists are continuously developing more sophisticated robots. Robots are always electro-mechanically operated and therefore lack human aspects which are the greatest concern. B. Purpose/Audience–The purpose of my research paper is to bring awareness and define possible solutions that robot scientists are studying to solve the problem of human robot interaction. By exposing the problem and its severity, this paper may also motivate scientists to invest in solving this crisis. Robotic research scientist students will be the primary audience for my

Wide realist definitions of state and anarchy Essay

Wide realist definitions of state and anarchy - Essay Example The major question therefore is: how do the arising conflicts get resolved? In addressing this question, the realists have defined the state as a sovereign entity that has no competing governmental authority over it, which can enforce promises or protect the country against aggression by other countries. Thus, the concept of realists in relation to State is that as a sovereign entity, it is upon the state to decide how it will deal with both internal and external problems. Further, the realist concept observes that a state exists in a ‘state of nature’, where like humans, states are existing on their own, and must work out how to live with each other in the international arena, since the states as collective entities do not have any higher authority over them, for example, a world government that can restrain them, a condition known as ‘anarchy’ (Adem, 2000, p.12). Therefore, the realist concept of 'state' and 'anarchy' is that a condition of war between nat ions is permanent and expected since, as opposed to internal feuds between different groups within a state which can be restrained by a civil government of the state, there lacks any global institution or government with the ability to restrain the aggression of one country against another, resulting in a situation where states are the most important and unitary actors in the world politics, and thus anarchy reigns supreme in international relations.... The state of nature dictates that human nature is not kind, but rather self-centred and egoistic (Hopf, 1998, p.172). This being the case, even the wisest attempt to end the conflicting world systems will not be able to work out any solutions, and thus nations must always be prepared for wars. This is the same aspect that has been demonstrated by history, that increasing military strength, if not superiority, has been the constant attempt for all nations in the world (Mearsheimer, 1990, p.7) In the light of this, the realist concepts of 'state' and 'anarchy' is that it is only military might that can win wars, and as such, the realists fundamental principle is the maximization of state security, through build-up of military might, which is the only way through which a state can be able to avert any threatens of international aggression on its sovereignty and territorial integrity, due to the lack of any legitimate world government that can exert control over states, and thus restrain foreign aggression of a state against another (Adem, 2000, p.17). Power is in the core of realist concepts of 'state' and 'anarchy', where in the international systems, states are always striving to ensure that their security is guaranteed and protected, as they embark on competing for resources and power (Ashworth, 2002, p.37). Thus, according to realists, states are rational actors in the global sphere, where they are engaged in rational calculation of their interests, which then becomes the basis upon which the states interact with others, on the international scene. National security remains the overriding interest and concerns of the states,

The Parole System Essay Example for Free

The Parole System Essay Parole is a grant given to prisoners who has performed well inside the correctional system.   To understand the laws involve, words used must be first understand.   Chapter one, Article III, of the book â€Å"Know Your Constitution†, says that act and omissions punishable by law are felonies.   There may be two types of felonies; it may arise from dolus (criminal intent) or from culpa (negligence). This paper will on the study of two countries, so that, one must be able to compare and contrast on those.    That would be in Canada and Philippines.   This will show, how much differences and their economic stability affects the system. In pardoning power, the president has the right to grant parole to any of the inmates that performs well.   Pardons may be granted only after conviction. They may be granted even pending appeal by the offender to a higher court; and even after he has served out his sentence. Congress may not control the pardoning power of the President. It has no power to limit the effect of a pardon; neither to exclude any class of offenses from its exercise. Pardons may be granted for all offenses, except in cases of impeachment.   Accordingly, the President may not pardon the Vice-President, a Justice of the Supreme Court, the Auditor-General, or any member of the Commission on Elections (nor a Justice of the Court of Appeals who may now be removed by impeachment, according to the Judiciary Act, nor a Judge of the Court of Tax Appeals, likewise removable by impeachment under Republic Act No. 1125), when convicted of a culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, or other high crimes, in impeachment proceedings.   Thy may be granted for offenses against municipal ordinances and regulations. They may be granted for criminal contempt. They may not be granted for contempts against Congress.   By criminal contempt is one that is punishable by our penal law.   Thus, a civil contempt is one committed against the courts consisting in misbehavior in the presence of or so near a judge as to obstruct him in the administration of justice, or in a willful disobedience of a lawful process of the courts, as a refusal to obey a subpoena. Under the Constitution, the President may impose the conditions, restrictions, and limitations. The pardon granted by the President may be plenary or partial.   It may be conditional or absolute. Before it takes effect, the pardon must be delivered to and accepted by the offender.   If the offender refuses the offer of pardon, the court cannot force it on him.   Neither can the executive.   Before it is accepted by him, it may be cancelled; but once accepted by him, it can be revoked.   Such acceptance is, however, necessary only in the case of a conditional pardon.   It is not necessary to the validity of an absolute pardon or of the commutation of a sentence. The pardon granted may be subjected to a condition.   If the condition is violated, the pardon becomes void.   The person may be arrested and compelled to serve so much of the original sentence remaining at the time of his release, except when the said sentence was less than six years in which case he shall suffer prision correccional from six months and one day to two years and four months.   This is true even if the period of the sentence has already expired. A pardon secured through fraud upon the pardoning power is void.   The fraud may be misinterpretation, suppression of the truth, or suggestion of falsehood. The effect of a full pardon is not only to release the punishment but also to blot the existence of the guilt.   It restores the convict to all his civil rights.   It makes him, as it were, a new man, with a new credit and capacity.   It does not, however, restore offices forfeited, or property or interests vested in others as a result of the conviction and judgement. Canada’s Parole System Under the Canada’s parole system, states that the offenders or the accused are ought to bring back on the community under â€Å"conditional† release, which means requires observation, before the end of their sentence.   With this approach, offenders are given the chance to interact again in the community.   But considering all the opportunities given with offenders, there are still lot of controversial concerning the parole system.   This parole system failed to deliver a fair system. As a proof, number of complains were reported.   In the Penitentiary Act of 1868, the offenders or inmates are allowed to have five days every month of sentence â€Å"remission†, or sentence reduction, for their chance to see their behavioral character within the span of their sentence.   Those who earned time are deducted to their sentence.   When the deducted time is equal to the remaining sentence, inmate is released without supervision. Parole, is in consideration with the inmates who were performing well under supervision. The National Board, 1964, offered them grant that were able to approach release under remission.   This indicates that there will be a month advance of release each year they have served.   But, this pertain the condition that they should be under supervision and have done well upon supervision The evolution of the Parole Act in 1970 formally applied the practice of mandatory supervision, even the Penintentiary Act is applied to inmates who have earned remissions in this act.   The Parole Act of 1970 states that the prisoners who have suffered two thirds of their sentence will be release, in condition that they will follow the parole conditions.   If not, they will be immediately be back in prison no matter what kind of release, they must not violate the conditions.   All of them will be conditional, regardless of the type of violation. More likely to the Philippine Constitution, in Canada, with Bills C-67 and C-68, the board has the right to refuse for the parole and if he feels the inmate going to be release would cause a serious harm to any person.   But as always, before release, prisoners must have undergone programs or social reintegration processes.   Bills C-67 and C-68 has been that objective.   Prisoners who are seemed to be dangerous and harmful, (though they just look like) would not benefit their earned remission regardless of how they behave while they are in sentence. Canada’s parole system is currently governed by the National Parole Board.   This parole aims the inmates to have the opportunity to return in their community, without discriminations and to protect the people in the community from harmful acts from the offender. The NBP is the one responsible for making decisions on parole if they will grant or deny it.   But the thing is how the NBP chooses the inmates that will be given the parole.   In this case, lots of things are unpreventable.   There might have some problems regarding with the decision making of the case. There is this sample case when inmates are ready and excited to go out.   There’s this sample case that when you live in the city, you’ll be release, but there is another inmate that were not release because they just simply live in far North for the reason that there are no enough organizations that will help the inmate.   The other thing is that, because the decision depends on the board of the President, they have the right to choose on whom to release or not.   But unfortunately, as early mentioned, there are some cases that they only choose the one the one they want.   Parole system has not yet developed a fair system that will choose the right persons. In addition, many inmates do not understand the parole system.   The board failed to educate their inmates to educate and to make them understand on how the system was applied.   Other problem was that the prisoners feels that they are alien with their own country due to way of treatment they receive from the institution and they have give the control of their lives and losing hope. They even heard inmates who were given parole were brought back in jail when the board seen that the inmate didn’t perform well under supervision.   With this case, they lose the urge of getting out of prison if they will be just returned in jail.   As said, parole system is subjective, that the board may decide whatever they want even the inmate is performing well.   The Aboriginal parole board does a big role of of influencing the National Parole Board so they are the one that should clean the parole system,   Inmates should have receive   fair justice according   with the human rights. Parole system was that good enough because inmates who have loss their chance of living with their family will be given the chance to change their lives.   But, the system must furnished first before doing such, because the failure to do so might cause a bigger damage with inmate, as well as the family of the person involve.   This will greatly help for the person to change his destiny and life. References Know Your Constitution: Aruego, J.M:Manila, Philippines published 1947 Criminal Law: Ambrosio, J.: Manila Philippines,August 31,1947 Philippines: The Correccional Sytem:http://www.photius.com/countries/philippines/national_security/philippines_national_security_the_correctional_sys~10373.html Data as of June 1991    The Beginning of Parole in Canada: http://www.npb-cnlc.gc.ca/about/part1_e.htm: August 14, 2007 Textbook in the Philippine Constitution: Delcon, Hector: Rex Book Store 199: Agugust 2007 Newsroom: http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/news/nr/2005/doc_31456.html: October 10,2005